(filed May 13, 2025)
State of California et al. v. U.S. Department of Transportation - States challenged the “Duffy Directive/Letter” (dated April 24, 2025) that requires all Department of Transportation (DOT) grant recipients to cooperate with federal immigration enforcement or risk losing their funding. On June 19, 2025, a federal court issued a preliminary injunction blocking the implementation of the DOT directive. On July 8, 2025, more states joined the lawsuit and amended their complaint. On November 4, 2025, the federal court issued a permanent injunction and granted the states summary judgment. The DOT is ordered to remove all the funding conditions requiring cooperation with federal immigration enforcement from all future agreements and issue a notice to grant recipients that they will not condition their funding on federal immigration enforcement cooperation. The government appealed the permanent injunction and summary judgment on January 2, 2026 to the First Circuit Court of Appeals (No. 26-1026). The government on January 13, 2026 decided to dismiss their own appeal. Currently, the permanent injunction and summary judgment stands against the government.