Protesters in front of a banner that says "Your actions save lives, free them all"

Enforcement

The Department of Homeland Security detains and deports hundreds of thousands of immigrants every year. The massive immigration enforcement regime has devastating effects on immigrant families and communities. The Immigrant Legal Resource Center (ILRC) has been at the forefront of campaigns locally and nationally to fight back against immigration enforcement and protect immigrant rights. 

The ILRC provides resources and support to communities and organizations working on immigration enforcement issues, including background explanations, strategy tools for campaigns, legal and policy analyses, and ongoing assistance to campaigns fighting against unfair immigration enforcement.

Popular Resources

A map of the U.S. highlighting states with pro-immigrant policies.

State Map on Immigration Enforcement

This map focuses on state laws that regulate the state’s involvement in immigration enforcement.
A map of the U.S. highlighting counties who work with local law enforcement.

National Map of Local Entanglement with ICE

The map represents the degree to which local policies limit assistance in immigration enforcement.
U.S. map pointing counties with 287(g) agreements.

National Map of 287(g) Agreements

This map represents the 137 total jurisdictions across the country that currently have 287(g) agreements under the jail enforcement and Warrant Service Officer models.
First four pages of this resources staked on one another.

Local Policy Interventions for Protecting Immigrants

On this resource, we identify the key policy intervention and link to examples of where state and local governments have taken this on.
First four pages of this resource stacked on each other.

Open Records Laws for Immigrant Rights Advocates

This toolkit and webinar provides advice for how immigrant rights advocates can use public records act requests to get information on how immigrants are treated by local and state government agencies.
Illustration of an ICE agent and a sheriff shaking hands.

The Role of Sheriffs and the Arrest-to-Deportation Pipeline

This short fact sheet helps explain the role and power of sheriffs and their engagement with ICE.
Sample page annotated for advocates

Annotated Detainer Form 2021

This sample ICE detainer is annotated to highlight what advocates should look for, and explains some of the legal problems with detainers.
Image of a carousel depicting the shifting nature of carceral facilities.

Carceral Carousel

This report details select case examples of jails and prisons that closed for one purpose, only to cage a different group of people.

Latest Resources

Public Comments / Sign-on Letters
Resources

ILRC Comments on ICE Tip Form
Publication Date
08/23/2023
On August 23, 2023, ILRC submitted a comment on the proposed form that Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) will use to collect information from the public about suspected violations. ILRC opposes the use of this form as it allows for anonymous, un-vetted information to be the basis of investigations and has a high likelihood of being used by abusers, unscrupulous employers and landlords, and others to harass and target immigrant communities.
FAQs & Explainers
Resources

A Closer Look at DHS Interior Enforcement Practices
Publication Date
07/26/2023
In the Spring of 2023, the ILRC surveyed partner organizations and immigration practioners to get a sense of how the Biden Administration’s enforcement priorities were impacting interior enforcement. Unsurprisingly, our analysis of the data showed that federal guidance does not prevent ICE from targeting and detaining people who do not meet agency priorities.
Toolkit & Reports
Resources

Carceral Carousel
Publication Date
05/23/2023
The prison industrial complex is a highly adaptive mechanism that is constantly shifting to sustain itself. In recent years, the movement against mass incarceration has gained traction in reducing penal incarceration in the United States. In this report in collaboration with the Detention Watch Network, we detail select case examples of jails and prisons that closed for one purpose, only to cage a different group of people. The case studies demonstrate how sustained pressure and community organizing can lead to transformative wins that can help free people and keep cages shut down for good. 
FAQs & Explainers
Resources

Immigrant Legal Defense Funds in Texas
Publication Date
05/03/2023
An immigrant legal defense fund pays legal service providers to represent community members facing deportation in immigration court. This resource provides a general overview of immigrant legal defense funds (ILDFs) at the municipal level in Texas, including why they are needed, the goals and components of a strong ILDF, and examples of these funds from across the state.
Public Comments / Sign-on Letters
Resources

Questions for Sheriff Candidates
Publication Date
10/06/2022
Sample questions about the sheriff’s policy positions on working with ICE that advocates or community members can use at candidate forums or other meetings. For more background information about sheriffs and their role in the deportation pipeline, see: https://www.ilrc.org/role-sheriffs-and-arrest-deportation-pipeline
Toolkit & Reports
Resources

If You Build It, ICE Will Fill It: The Link Between Detention Capacity and ICE Arrests
Publication Date
09/29/2022
ICE has built and expanded a massive infrastructure of immigration jails, surveillance programs, and enforcement agents. The current enforcement-centered response to migration, supported by ever-increasing Congressional appropriations, has resulted in hundreds of thousands of deportations each year. Over the last two decades, the budget for ICE’s Enforcement and Removal Operations (ERO), which includes its account for immigration detention, has quadrupled. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, detention levels hit historic peaks of more than 50,000 people per day.
Practice Advisory
Resources

Overview of ICE’s Victim-Centered Directive
Publication Date
06/23/2022
This advisory provides an overview of ICE’s new “victim-centered” approach to immigration enforcement based on an August 2021 directive, including who qualifies as a victim and which ICE actions are covered. As part of this new approach, ICE officers and agents are instructed to look out for and in various circumstances exercise prosecutorial discretion in favor of noncitizen survivors of crime as part of their decisions to arrest, detain, release, and refer noncitizens.
FAQs & Explainers
Resources

Operation Lone Star: Texas’ Racist Scheme to Criminalize, Jail, and Deport Migrants
Publication Date
04/20/2022
 In Texas, Black and Latinx migrants are being harmed by Operation Lone Star- an unconstitutional and racist law enforcement operation that is criminalizing migrants who are seeking safety in the U.S. border. Operation Lone Star is a complex scheme involving multiple law enforcement agencies in the state. This comprehensive resource explains how Operation Lonestar is being implemented and funded, explains why this operation is illegal and unconstitutional, highlights how this scheme expands the carceral and enforcement systems, and how it’s harming entire border communities.
FAQs & Explainers
Resources

Update on DHS Enforcement Priorities Litigation (July 2022)
Publication Date
07/22/2022
Another federal court has issued an injunction against DHS enforcement policies. Below is a quick summary to help you keep up. This court order does not change current policies as much as you might think. You can, and should, continue to advocate for prosecutorial discretion for your clients and community members.
Practice Advisory
Resources

ICE Detainers: Advice and Strategies for Criminal Defense Counsel
Publication Date
01/24/2022
What are ICE detainers, how do they affect a criminal case, and how can counsel get rid of them?  This advisory walks through all the legal and practices issues around ICE detainers, including the role of ICE in issuing them and the role of local or state jailors in responding.  We discuss the importance of incorporating ICE detainers into pre-trial strategy, the legal and constitutional issues implicated by ICE detainers, and the various ways to challenge or rescind a detainer.  This advisory is national; it identifies various different state laws affecting ICE detainers. 
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ILRC Resources on 287(g)

Check out our map of 287(g) agreements and various resources to fight 287(g) in your community.
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Related Products

Webinar
Webinar

Challenging a Deficient NTA
Since the Supreme Court’s decision in Pereira v. Sessions in 2018, there has been a long line of caselaw about whether a Notice to Appear (NTA) missing the time, date or location of proceedings strips the immigration court of jurisdiction to hear a case, triggers the stop-time rule in various contexts, or is sufficient for the issuance of an in absentia removal order. In this webinar, we will discuss how to challenge a NTA that is missing the time, date, or location of proceedings, and we will review the latest caselaw on this topic, including Matter of Fernandes, 28 I&N Dec. 605 (BIA 2022). We will also discuss best practices for preserving arguments for appeal, even when BIA or circuit court caselaw is not on our side.
Webinar
Webinar

Requesting Bond and Parole for Asylum Seekers
In this webinar, we will discuss how asylum seekers, including recent entrants, can seek release from immigration custody via bond and parole. We will review eligibility for bond and parole for arriving aliens, and the implications of Matter of M-S-, 27 I&N 509 (AG 2019) on asylum seekers. We will also discuss who may seek bond before the immigration judge and strategies for the bond hearing. This webinar will leave advocates armed with tips and best practices when representing asylum seekers requesting release from detention.
Video
Video

Enforcement 101: How Ice Arrests and Deports People
In this recording, we discuss how ICE operates and goes about detaining and deporting hundreds of thousands of people a year. Designed for those new to the fight against ICE, we provide an overview of how ICE operates as well as an overview of local efforts to push back against ICE’s increasingly aggressive tactics. You’ll gain a deeper understanding of the various mechanisms ICE employs to identify, arrest, and deport people along with clear strategies and tools that can be used by advocates to protect our communities. 
Video
Video

Messaging to Make Our Vision a Reality
This webinar provides key communications tools to uplift a values-based narrative and push back against anti-immigrant scapegoating, in support of the VISION Act (pending state bill which strengthens the CA Values Act) and other similar policy asks. The webinar provides a brief overview of the VISION Act, and then focuses largely on messaging and communications. Specifically, the webinar covers talking points and communications tactics needed to push back when our opposition uses fear-mongering and scapegoating to exclude people with crimes from protection. This webinar is aimed at ensuring that we all have the communications tools to turn our policy asks into a reality.To access this recording, please email gruiz@ilrc.org.

National Map of Local Entanglement with ICE

A map showing the degree to which local policies limit assistance in immigration enforcement
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