The Trump Administration has deployed thousands of federal agents to conduct large scale immigration raids across the country. In several places, this has involved sending, or attempting to send, National Guard troops. In others, the majority of agents have been from CBP and ICE, accompanied by other units from DHS and DOJ. These include HSI, FBI, ATF, DEA, and United States Park Police.
Many of these deployments have been challenged by litigation for the widespread use of unconstitutional tactics such as warrantless arrests. Jurisdictions have also launched many challenges to the federalization and deployment of National Guard troops in jurisdictions also experiencing large scale deployment of immigration agents.
Please note these specific deployments are organized chronologically by the date the operations were launched. There is widespread immigration enforcement still ongoing in many of these locations. And of course, many other places that have not seen these major deployments nonetheless are experiencing ongoing and aggressive immigration enforcement.
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Charlotte, North Carolina: Operation Charlotte’s Web
November 2025
In November 2025, DHS announced Operation “Charlotte’s Web,” a major deployment of ICE and CBP to North Carolina. This announcement explicitly claimed that it was necessary because some North Carolina jurisdictions have a policy not to comply with detainers. However, Charlotte, the main target of the operation, does not have a sanctuary policy and is instead known as a welcoming city, meaning simply that they seek to make the city a safe and welcoming place for immigrant residents. In just two days, DHS reported more than 130 arrests.
There was no National Guard deployment accompanying this immigration enforcement operation.
Chicago, Illinois: Widespread deployment of CBP and violent suppression of protestors National Guard and CBP Deployed to Chicago
September 2025
In September 2025, the administration announced and launched “Operation Midway Blitz” in the city of Chicago and the surrounding area. DHS explicitly stated that this Operation was being launched due to Illinois and Chicago’s strong sanctuary policies and non-cooperation with federal immigration enforcement.
This enforcement operation involved hundreds of border patrol agents engaged in brutal and ferocious tactics, including the nighttime raid of an apartment building allegedly targeting Tren de Aragua, but actually just designed to terrorize the residents of the building. DHS agents also killed Silverio Villegas Gonzalez during a traffic stop, and shot Miramar Martinez seven times. Federal agents threatened and attacked protestors and media who were covering the enforcement actions. In addition to the deluge of DHS agents sweeping through the city, the administration ordered in the National Guard, but this deployment was blocked in federal court.
A coalition of media organizations also brought suit against the Trump administration for violating the First Amendment rin the Midway Blitz operation by forcefully suppressing free speech and lawful protests. They won a preliminary injunction and restraining order on November 20, 2025, which is on appeal at the Seventh Circuit.
Los Angeles, California: Immigration Enforcement and National Guard Deployment
June 2025
In June 2025, DHS launched widespread violent immigration enforcement across Los Angeles and Southern California, harassing and arresting hundreds of people based on their race and ethnicity, in violation of federal law and the constitution. Residents met these deployments with widespread protests. The federal government paired the influx of federal immigration agents with National Guard troops who were present to “protect federal property” in Los Angeles.
California is leading the charge in claiming that National Guard deployments have exceeded the initial intention and Governor Gavin Newsom is fighting to get command of the California National Guard. California sued in June 2025, and a federal appeals court judge has ordered that National Guard troops be withdrawn from LA by December 15th, 2025. Nonetheless, mass immigration enforcement continues across LA and Southern California; in January ICE agents fatally shot Keith Porter outside his apartment complex and opened fire on a man who was driving away from them.
Louisana: Operation Catahoula Crunch
December 2025
In December 2025, DHS announced Operation “Catahoula Crunch,” a major CBP deployment in the greater New Orleans area. In the first week of the operation, DHS announced more than 250 arrests. This operation was characterized by its frenetic pace and violent tactics including CBP agents going door to door, cornering residents on rooftops, and violently pulling people out of vehicles. This deployment is notable because Louisiana is not a state with any type of sanctuary or noncooperation policy.
There was no National Guard deployment accompanying this immigration enforcement operation.
Maine: Operation Catch of the Day
January 2026
This operation was launched in January 2026 and resulted in more than 100 arrests so far. In the announcement of the operation, DHS named Governor Janet Mills and called her a “sanctuary politician”. This operation also heavily targeted Somali immigrant communities in the Portland and Lewiston areas. Senator Susan Collins reportedly urged DHS to change their tactics in the state.
There was no National Guard deployment in Maine.
Memphis, TN: State of emergency, federal interagency task force, and National Guard Deployment
September 2025
On September 15th 2025, the President issued an executive order declaring a state of emergency in Memphis, Tennessee due to 2024 FBI data showing that high rates of violent crime in the city. This order created an interagency federal task force, including the Department of Homeland Security, Department of Defense, and Department of Justice components to work together to address the alleged crime emergency. The order also explicitly requests that the Governor make the National Guard available to support DHS and DOJ actions in Memphis as part of this task force.
The impact on the ground was immediately obvious through the targeting of Black and Brown residents for harassment and immigration enforcement. The task force deployment has resulted in more than 4,000 arrests and more than 48,000 traffic stops.
Local elected officials in Memphis sued the Governor of Tennessee over the deployment of the National Guard, arguing that it is the unlawful deployment of a militia. In response, the Tennessee Attorney General argues that the National Guard is an army, not a militia. In November, the state court issued an injunction against the National Guard deployment in Memphis, and the state has appealed.
Minneapolis, MN: Operation Metro Surge
December 2025
This deadly operation included more than 3,000 ICE and CBP officers deployed in the Twin Cities and throughout the state of Minnesota. The administration heavily targeted Somali and Southeast Asian refugee communities as an attempt to link these established immigrant communities to the fraud investigations involving a small handful of people. This operation was characterized by brutally violent arrest tactics and an overwhelming community response from Minnesotans in opposition to violent immigration arrests. DHS agents shot at least three people during this operation, two of these shootings were fatal. DHS officers shot and killed Renee Nicole Good and Alex Pretti on camera while they were engaged in constitutionally protected observation of immigration enforcement. So far, the operation has resulted in more than 4,000 arrests.
Raids in Minnesota included controversial and unconstitutional tactics such as breaking into private homes without a judicial warrant and directing small children to lead agents into their homes to arrest their adult parents. DHS also prioritized arrests of refugees as part of “Operation PARRIS” which would require that these people’s grant of refugee status be “re-vetted”. While the administration has announced a drawn-down of deployment in the wake of uproar over the shootings of Renee Good and Alex Pretti, hundreds of agents remain and widespread raids continue.
There was no National Guard deployment in Minnesota.
Portland, Oregon: Repression of anti-ICE protests and attempted deployment of National Guard
September 2025
In September 2025, the President Trump announced that he would deploy the National Guard to Portland, Oregon based on unfounded allegations that it had become unsafe. The City of Portland and the State of Oregon fought the order in court. Oregon Attorney General Dan Rayfield said the deployment was "not acceptable" and did not meet the legal necessary requirements, since there is no invasion and no insurrection.
On Nov. 7, 2025, U.S. District Judge Karin J. Immergut issued a final order barring the Trump administration from deploying National Guard troops to Portland, after hearing arguments and evidence in a three-day trial. At the end of December 2025 the president announced removal of troops from several cities, including Portland, even though the Guard was never actually lawfully deployed to Portland.
Washington, DC: State of Emergency and National Guard Deployment
August 2025
President Trump declared a state of emergency on August 11th, 2025 due to the alleged crime emergency in the District of Columbia. The president federalized the Metropolitan Police Department and deployed the National Guard. Several other states also sent members of their National Guard to D.C. to support the president’s deployment of the D.C. Guard. This state of emergency was characterized by the clearing encampments of unhoused District residents and brutal immigration enforcement. The government gave unhoused residents very little or no notice before razing encampments, and there were no plans for the safety and well-being of people who lost their homes and possessions. In the name of immigration enforcement and/or the alleged crime emergency, DC residents endured widespread warrantless arrests, daily traffic checkpoints, and vehicle stops on busy corridors. The state of emergency declaration lapsed after 30 days, but the escalated immigration enforcement continued.
National Guard deployment in DC has been extended through the end of 2026. There are currently more than 2300 soldiers, 1,000 from DC National Guard and the rest from 7 different states. The D.C. Attorney General filed suit questioning the National Guard deployment as violation of Posse Comitatus Act and Home Rule Act (no authorization from Mayor of DC). A federal judge ordered that Guard be withdrawn from DC, that decision is currently being appealed by the Trump administration.